Land of the Free Home of the Brave Clip Art
Francis Scott Central, songwriter of "The Star-Spangled Banner," defended slavery and attacked the abolitionist movement.
September 14 is recognized equally the anniversary of the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Francis Scott Primal in 1814. Exercise your textbooks mention Key's role in defending slavery and fighting the abolitionist movement? For example, during the Snowfall Riot in Washington, D.C. in 1835, Key fought to make certain this was not the "land of the costless."
In light of the response to San Francisco 49ers Colin Kaepernick'south refusal to represent "The Star-Spangled Banner," we share the essay below past Jefferson Morley about Francis Scott Key. For boosted reading, see "Colin Kaepernick Is Righter Than You Know: The National Anthem Is a Celebration of Slavery" by Jon Schwarz and Howard Zinn's essay, "America'due south Blinders."
We also recommend reading about other athletes who have spoken out confronting injustice, including Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, Toni Smith, Muhammad Ali, John Carlos, and Tommie Smith. For updated news about sports and politics, read Dave Zirin'due south Edge of Sports columns.
The lyricist of U.South. patriotism was a defender of slavery, and an enemy of free spoken language.
Ane hundred and eighty or so years agone, the paths of three men crossed in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States. The most famous of the three was Francis Scott Key.
He was the scion of Maryland's slave-holding aristocracy and is famous for having written "The Star Spangled Imprint."
When the three men'south paths crossed, Central was the district attorney of the city of Washington, a prestigious post.
The most enterprising of the iii men was Beverly Randolph Snow, an Epicurean chef of mixed race heritage. He had bought his way out of slavery and came to Washington to seek his fortune.
Long before the contemporary historic period of ego-driven chefs, Snow chosen himself the "National Restaurateur."
The unluckiest of the three was John Arthur Bowen, a 19-year-old male child, a slave, whom Primal charged with attempted murder in 1835. The lives of these iii men intersected on the streets of Washington, D.C.
Francis Scott Cardinal was politically ambitious and religiously observant. He was no Gluttonous, renouncing luxury in all of its forms. Yet he, as well, ate at Mr. Snow'due south restaurant at the corner of Sixth and Pennsylvania, which was known as "the Epicurean Eatery."
Snowfall's place offered a natural rendezvous for Central and his political associates. They were lawyers practicing in the courthouse up the street, western country speculators visiting the capital on business concern, and innumerable congressmen living in the boarding houses.
Mr. Primal respected Snow, the restaurant'southward mulatto proprietor, fifty-fifty if he did not ever similar his ostentatious style.
Abolitionist broadside calls for finish of slavery in D.C. 1836. Epitome: Library of Congress.
Central prided himself as a humanitarian. As a immature lawyer, he had relished defending individual colored people in court. Some even chosen him "the Blacks' lawyer."
By 1835, in the timeless ways of Washington, Key had parlayed his police practice into political connections with the network of editors, landowners, and slave masters around General Andrew Jackson.
In 1833, President Jackson rewarded Key with the function of Commune Attorney. Cardinal had reached a pinnacle of the political power.
But information technology was in a fourth dimension of problem in the United States. In the 1830s, small groups of Americans, white and Black, started calling for the immediate abolition of slavery. For some Americans, this was a threatening message.
In 1835 alone, the 25 states experienced no less than 53 riots, almost all related to problems of race. Most involved attacks past mobs of white men on free Blacks and white anti-slavery speakers.
The violence of the summertime of 1835 forged a new notion in American life, at least in the Northern states: that defending the republic required opposing the slave masters of the South.
At the beginning of the year, there were 200 anti-slavery societies beyond the northern tier of the country. At the finish, 527. Past 1837, at that place were i,000.
A "Snowfall-Tempest" with National Implications
In this cataclysm, the paths of Francis Scott Key, Beverly Snow, and Arthur Bowen crossed.
In Washington City, the events started when xix-year-old Arthur Bowen, servant in the home of Anna Thornton, attended a clandestine "talking lodge." There, young enslaved men talked among themselves nigh slavery and what they could do about information technology.
After the meeting bankrupt up, Bowen and a friend continued to talk and drink in Lafayette Park, beyond the street from the presidential mansion.
Returning abode, Bowen groped in the night, picked upwards an ax that he cradled in his arm and mistakenly entered the bedchamber where his owner Mrs. Thornton, her mother and his own female parent, too Mrs. Thornton's slave, were sleeping.
Whatever Bowen intended in his inebriated state, the startled women woke upward the whole neighborhood, which resulted in a manhunt for Bowen and his eventual incarceration. This ane event had many ramifications for many lives.
The events of August 1835 would presently be dubbed the "Snowfall Riot" or the "Snow-Storm" in recognition of the central office that Beverly Snow's singular personality played in igniting popular passion.
In the shocking news of Arthur Bowen's alleged attack on Mrs. Thornton, many a white man saw signs of an incipient slave rebellion.
Crowds of white men converged on the city jail in Judiciary Square, calling for the head of Arthur Bowen. When they couldn't get their hands on him, they turned on Beverly Snow, the capital letter'south restaurateur and best-known gratuitous homo of colour. [The rioters went after others besides. One of the people who was attacked and run out of boondocks during the riot was teacher and abolitionist Rev. John F Cook.]
Snow's notoriety, equally well as his success, did not sit well with many whites. Nevertheless, amid the tumult, Anna Thornton—in acts that were very brave for those days—made every effort to save Arthur Bowen.
The famous Mr. Key had a unlike agenda. He was a loyal lieutenant of President Jackson, whose supporters had famously taken over Washington from day i, and who himself was an unapologetic supporter of slavery.
Key personally prosecuted the instance against Arthur Bowen, which he won, and so went after the rioters during the "Snow-Storm" in August 1835.
Key wanted to reestablish law and order in the nation's capital and protect the white man'south right to own property in people. The constitution, in Key's view, required no less.
Transcript of "U.S. v. Reuben Crandall" trial. Click image to run into full document at the Library of Congress.
In the spring of 1836, Fundamental also brought charges against Reuben Crandall, a New York md who had brought abolitionist pamphlets to Washington.
The courtroom fence in U.South. v. Reuben Crandallcrystallized how new ideas of rights introduced by the free people of color and their white allies had galvanized popular thinking in the mid-1830s.
The anti-slavery motion had forced iii radical ideas into the realm of American politics: no property in people, multiracial citizenship, and the freedom to advocate for both.
The audacity of those ideas was effective. In the 1820s, the organized anti-slavery move in the United States was still very much on the margins. The idea of immediate emancipation caught on in 1830.
In the adjacent 5 years, the abolitionists managed to establish Washington Metropolis as a battleground for their cause by calling for the abolition of slavery in the nation's capital.
From 1838 to 1839, the 25th U.S. Congress received virtually 1,500 petitions signed by more 100,000 people. Eighty per centum supported the abolition of slavery in the capital. The tide would non be stemmed.
Francis Scott Primal lost his bid to discredit the antislavery movement in the court of public opinion. The jury acquitted Crandall of all charges.
The defeat and family unit tragedies in 1835 sapped Key's ambition. He resigned from the district chaser'southward job in 1840, simply remained a smashing advocate of African colonization and abrupt opponent of the antislavery movement. He died in January 1843.
Primal's life attests to the complicated and contradictory stances of people of the time. For years, Abraham Lincoln, too, favored colonization. Withal, as a immature Congressman from Illinois, he also signed a petition to free the slaves in the Commune of Columbia.
The country would go on—and even so goes on—to experience how very difficult it is to have a "land of the free and habitation of the brave."
This essay is based on and contains excerpts from the author'southward book, Snowfall-Tempest in August, The Struggle for American Freedom and Washington's Race Anarchism of 1835 (Offset Ballast Books, 2013). Read an extract from the book on Salon.com. Copyright 2012 by Jefferson Morley. Reprinted with permission of the author from theGlobalist.
Jefferson Morley is the writer of Snow-Tempest in August: Washington Metropolis, Francis Scott Key, and the Forgotten Race Anarchism of 1835. He has worked equally an editor and reporter at the Washington Mail, the Nation, the New Republic, andHarper's Magazine. His work has appeared in the New York Review of Books, the New York Times Book Review , t he Washington Mail Book Globe, Reader'due south Digest, Rolling Rock, and Slate. His showtime book was Our Homo in Mexico: Winston Scott and the Hidden History of the CIA .
Source: https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/star-spangled-banner-author-slavery/
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