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Psychological Name for Some Who Moves Not Caring About Family and Friends

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Country of indifference, or the suppression of emotions

Anxiety Arousal Flow (psychology) Worry Control (psychology) Apathy Boredom Relaxation (psychology)

Mental state in terms of challenge level and skill level, according to Csikszentmihalyi's flow model.[ane](Click on a fragment of the image to get to the appropriate article)

Apathy is a lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or business organization virtually something. It is a country of indifference, or the suppression of emotions such as business organization, excitement, motivation, or passion. An apathetic individual has an absence of interest in or business about emotional, social, spiritual, philosophical, virtual, or physical life and the globe. Apathy can also be defined as a person'south lack of goal orientation.[two]

The blah may lack a sense of purpose, worth, or meaning in their life. People that suffer from severe apathy tend to accept a lower quality of life and are at a college risk for mortality and early institutionalization.[2] They may as well exhibit insensibility or sluggishness. In positive psychology, apathy is described every bit a result of the individuals' feeling they practice not possess the level of skill required to face up a challenge (i.e. "period"). It may also be a issue of perceiving no challenge at all (due east.k. the claiming is irrelevant to them, or conversely, they have learned helplessness). Apathy is something that all people face in some capacity and is a natural response to disappointment, dejection, and stress. Every bit a response, aloofness is a way to forget virtually these negative feelings.[iii] This type of common apathy is normally felt simply in the brusk term, merely sometimes information technology becomes a long-term or fifty-fifty lifelong state, often leading to deeper social and psychological bug. An extreme form of aloofness may be someone beingness numb to unlike stressful life events such as losing a job.

Apathy should be distinguished from reduced affect brandish, which refers to reduced emotional expression just not necessarily reduced emotion.

Pathological apathy, characterized by extreme forms of apathy, is now known to occur in many different encephalon disorders,[4] including neurodegenerative weather often associated with dementia such as Alzheimer's illness,[5] and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.[6] Although many patients with pathological apathy also suffer from low, several studies accept shown that the two syndromes are dissociable: apathy tin can occur independently of depression and vice versa.[4]

Etymology [edit]

Although the word apathy was first used in 1594[7] and is derived from the Greek ἀπάθεια (apatheia), from ἀπάθης (apathēs, "without feeling" from a- ("without, not") and pathos ("emotion")),[8] it is important non to misfile the two terms. Also meaning "absenteeism of passion," "apathy" or "insensibility" in Greek, the term apatheia was used past the Stoics to signify a (desirable) land of indifference towards events and things which prevarication outside one's control (that is, according to their philosophy, all things exterior, one beingness just responsible for ane's own representations and judgments).[ix] In contrast to apathy, apatheia is considered a virtue, peculiarly in Orthodox monasticism.[ citation needed ] In the Philokalia the word dispassion is used for apatheia, and then as not to misfile it with apathy.[ commendation needed ]

History and other views [edit]

Christians have historically condemned aloofness every bit a deficiency of love and devotion to God and his works.[10] This estimation of aloofness is also referred to equally Sloth and is listed among the 7 Deadly Sins. Clemens Alexandrinus used the term to draw to Christianity philosophers who aspired afterwards virtue.

The modern concept of apathy became more well known later Globe War I, when it was one of the various forms of "shell daze".[eleven] Soldiers who lived in the trenches amidst the bombing and machine gun fire, and who saw the battlefields strewn with dead and maimed comrades, adult a sense of disconnected numbness and indifference to normal social interaction when they returned from combat.

In 1950, US novelist John Dos Passos wrote: "Apathy is ane of the characteristic responses of any living organism when information technology is subjected to stimuli too intense or too complicated to cope with. The cure for apathy is comprehension."

Technology [edit]

Apathy is a normal way for humans to cope with stress. Beingness able to "shrug off" disappointments is considered an important stride in moving people forward and driving them to effort other activities and achieve new goals. Coping seems to be one of the most important aspects of getting over a tragedy and an apathetic reaction may be expected. With the addition of the handheld device and the screen between people, apathy has too get a mutual occurrence on the net as users observe others existence bullied, slandered, threatened or sent disturbing images. The eyewitness consequence grows to an blah level equally people lose interest in caring for others who are not in their "circumvolve" and may even participate in their harassment.

[edit]

There may exist other factors contributing to a person'due south apathy.

Apathy has been socially viewed equally worse than things such every bit hate or anger. Not caring whatsoever, in the eyes of some, is even worse than having distaste for something. Author Leo Buscaglia is quoted every bit maxim "I have a very strong feeling that the contrary of love is not hate-information technology's aloofness. It's not giving a damn." Helen Keller stated that aloofness is the "worst of them all" when information technology comes to the various evils in the world.[12] French social commentator and political thinker Charles de Montesquieu stated that "the tyranny of a prince in an oligarchy is not then unsafe to the public welfare as the apathy of a denizen in the democracy." As tin can exist seen by these quotes and various others, the social implications of apathy are nifty. Many people believe that not caring at all can be worse for social club than individuals who are overpowering or hateful.

In the schoolhouse arrangement [edit]

Apathy in students, peculiarly those in loftier school, is a growing problem. It causes teachers to lower standards in lodge to attempt to engage their students.[thirteen] Apathy in schools is most easily recognized by students existence unmotivated or, quite normally, beingness motivated by outside factors. For example, when asked nigh their motivation for doing well in school, 50 percent of students cited exterior sources such equally "college acceptance" or "good grades". On the contrary, only fourteen pct cited "gaining an understanding of content knowledge or learning subject material" equally their motivation to do well in school. Every bit a effect of these outside sources, and not a genuine desire for cognition, students often do the minimum amount of work necessary to become past in their classes.[xiii] This then leads to boilerplate grades and test grades but no real grasping of knowledge.[13] Many students cited that "assignments/content was irrelevant or meaningless" and that this was the crusade of their apathetic attitudes toward their schooling. These apathetic attitudes atomic number 82 to teacher and parent frustration.[14] Other causes of aloofness in students include situations inside their habitation life, media influences, peer influences, and schoolhouse struggles and failures. Some of the signs for apathetic students include declining grades, skipping classes, routine illness, and behavioral changes both in school and at home. In order to combat this lack of apathy, teachers have to be enlightened that several students have different motivation profiles. [15] Motivation profiles equally in they are motivated by different factors or stimuli.

Bystander [edit]

Besides known as the bystander effect, bystander aloofness occurs when, during an emergency, those continuing by practice naught to help simply instead stand by and watch. Sometimes this can exist caused by i bystander observing other bystanders and imitating their beliefs. If other people are not acting in a mode that makes the state of affairs seem similar an emergency that needs attending, ofttimes other bystanders volition act in the same way.[16] The diffusion to responsibility can also be to blame for bystander apathy. The more than people that are effectually in emergency situations, the more likely individuals are to think that someone else will assist and then they do not need to. This theory was popularized by social psychologists in response to the 1964 Kitty Genovese murder. The murder took identify in New York and the victim, Genovese, was stabbed to death as bystanders reportedly stood by and did goose egg to stop the state of affairs or even call the law.[16] Latane and Darley are the 2 psychologists who did research on this theory. They performed unlike experiments that placed people into situations where they had the opportunity to intervene or do cypher. The individuals in the experiment were either by themselves, with a stranger(south), with a friend, or with a confederate. The experiments ultimately led them to the determination that there are many social and situational factors that are behind whether a person will react in an emergency situation or simply remain apathetic to what is occurring.

Communication [edit]

Apathy is ane psychological barrier to communication. An blah listener creates a communication barrier by not caring or paying attention to what they are being told. An apathetic speaker, on the other hand, tends to not chronicle information well and, in their lack of interest, may leave out cardinal pieces of information that need to be communicated. Within groups, an blah communicator can be detrimental. Their lack of interest or passion can inhibit the other grouping members in what they are trying to accomplish. Inside interpersonal communication, an apathetic listener can make the other feel that they are not cared for or about. Overall, apathy is a dangerous bulwark to successful communication. Blah speakers and listeners are individuals that have no care for what they are trying to communicate, or what is beingness communicated to them.

Measurement of Aloofness [edit]

Several unlike questionnaires and clinical interview instruments have been used to measure out pathological apathy or, more than recently, apathy in salubrious people.

Apathy Evaluation Scale [edit]

Developed by Robert Marin in 1991, the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) was the offset method adult to measure apathy in clinical populations. Centered around evaluation, the scale can either be self-informed or other-informed. The three versions of the test include self, informant such as a family member, and clinician. The calibration is based around questionnaires that ask about topics including interest, motivation, socialization, and how the individual spends their time. The individual or informant answers on a scale of "not at all", "slightly", "somewhat" or "a lot". Each item on the evaluation is created with positive or negative syntax and deals with cognition, beliefs, and emotion. Each particular is then scored and, based on the score, the individual's level of apathy can exist evaluated.[17]

Aloofness Motivation Index [edit]

The Apathy Motivation Alphabetize (AMI) was developed to measure different dimensions of apathy in healthy people. Factor assay identified three distinct axes of apathy: behavioural, social and emotional.[18] The AMI has since been used to examine apathy in patients with Parkinson's disease who, overall, showed evidence of behavioural and social apathy, but not emotional apathy.[19]

Dimensional Aloofness Scale [edit]

The Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS) is a multidimensional apathy instrument for measuring subtypes of apathy in different clinical populations and healthy adults. It was developed using factor analysis, quantifying Executive apathy (lack of motivation for planning, organising and attention), Emotional aloofness (emotional indifference, neutrality, flatness or blunting) and Initiation aloofness (lack of motivation for cocky-generation of idea/action). There is a self-rated version of the DAS[twenty] and an informant/carer-rated version of the DAS.[21] Further a clinical brief DAS has likewise been adult.[22] It has been validated for employ in motor neurone disease, dementia and Parkinson's disease, showing to differentiate profiles of apathy subtypes between these conditions[23]

Medical aspects | Pathological aloofness [edit]

Depression [edit]

Mental health journalist and author John McManamy argues that although psychiatrists exercise not explicitly deal with the status of apathy, information technology is a psychological trouble for some depressed people, in which they become a sense that "nothing matters", the "lack of volition to go on and the disability to care about the consequences".[24] [ self-published source? ] He describes depressed people who "...cannot seem to brand [themselves] practise anything", who "can't complete anything", and who practise not "feel any excitement nearly seeing loved ones".[24] He acknowledges that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does non discuss apathy.

In a Periodical of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences article from 1991, Robert Marin, Md, claimed that pathological apathy occurs due to brain damage or neuropsychiatric illnesses such every bit Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, or stroke. Marin argues that apathy is a syndrome associated with many different brain disorders.[24] This has now been shown to be the instance across a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions.[4]

A review article past Robert van Reekum, Doctor, et al. from the University of Toronto in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry (2005) claimed that an obvious relationship between low and apathy exists in some populations.[25] However, although many patients with low suffer from apathy, several studies take shown that apathy can occur independently of depression, and vice versa.[4]

Aloofness can be associated with depression, a manifestation of negative disorders in schizophrenia, or a symptom of various somatic and neurological disorders.[26] [4]

Alzheimer's disease [edit]

Depending upon how information technology has been measured, apathy affects xix–88% percent of individuals with Alzheimer's illness (mean prevalence of 49% across different studies).[five] It is a neuropsychiatric symptom associated with functional impairment. Brain imaging studies have demonstrated changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum in Alzheimer's patients with apathy.[27] Cholinesterase inhibitors, used as the first line of treatment for the cerebral symptoms associated with dementia, have too shown some modest benefit for beliefs disturbances such as apathy.[28] The effects of donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine take all been assessed but, overall, the findings have been inconsistent, and it is estimated that apathy in ~threescore% of Alzheimer'due south patients does non answer to treatment with these drugs.[5] Methylphenidate, a dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake blocker, has received increasing interest for the treatment of aloofness. Management of apathetic symptoms using methylphenidate has shown promise in randomized placebo controlled trials of Alzheimer'southward patients.[29] [xxx] [31] A phase III multi-centered randomized placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate for the treatment of aloofness is currently underway and planned for completion in August 2020.[32]

Feet [edit]

While apathy and anxiety may appear to be divide, and unlike, states of being, at that place are many ways that astringent anxiety tin can cause apathy. First, the emotional fatigue that and then often accompanies severe anxiety leads to ane's emotions existence worn out, thus leading to apathy. Second, the low serotonin levels associated with anxiety frequently pb to less passion and interest in the activities in one's life which tin can be seen as apathy. Third, negative thinking and distractions associated with anxiety can ultimately pb to a subtract in 1'south overall happiness which can and so pb to an apathetic outlook about 1's life. Finally, the difficulty enjoying activities that individuals with feet oftentimes face up can atomic number 82 to them doing these activities much less frequently and tin give them a sense of apathy about their lives. Even behavioral apathy may exist found in individuals with anxiety in the form of them not wanting to make efforts to treat their anxiety.[33]

Other [edit]

Ofttimes, aloofness is felt subsequently witnessing horrific acts, such as the killing or maiming of people during a war, due east.g. posttraumatic stress disorder. It is as well known to exist a singled-out psychiatric syndrome[ citation needed ] that is associated with many conditions, some of which are: CADASIL syndrome, low, Alzheimer's affliction, Chagas disease, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, dementia (and dementias such as Alzheimer's illness, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia), Korsakoff'southward syndrome, excessive vitamin D, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, general fatigue, Huntington's affliction, Pick'southward disease, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), brain damage, schizophrenia, schizoid personality disorder, bipolar disorder,[ commendation needed ] autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and others. Some medications and the heavy apply of drugs such equally opiates may bring apathy as a side effect.[34]

See also [edit]

  • Callous and unemotional traits
  • Compassion fatigue
  • Detachment (philosophy)
  • Reduced touch brandish

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Csikszentmihalyi M (1997). Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. p. 31. ISBN978-0-465-02411-seven.
  2. ^ a b Fahed Thou, Steffens DC (May 2021). "Apathy: Neurobiology, Assessment and Handling". Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience. xix (2): 181–189. doi:ten.9758/cpn.2021.nineteen.2.181. PMC8077060. PMID 33888648.
  3. ^ Nall R (27 September 2019) [29 October 2013]. Legg TJ (ed.). "What Y'all Should Know Near Apathy". Healthline . Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d due east Husain M, Roiser JP (August 2018). "Neuroscience of apathy and anhedonia: a transdiagnostic approach" (PDF). Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 19 (8): 470–484. doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0029-9. PMID 29946157. S2CID 49428707.
  5. ^ a b c Nobis 50, Husain Thousand (August 2018). "Aloofness in Alzheimer's affliction". Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 22: seven–13. doi:ten.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.007. PMC6095925. PMID 30123816.
  6. ^ Bortolon C, Macgregor A, Capdevielle D, Raffard S (September 2018). "Apathy in schizophrenia: A review of neuropsychological and neuroanatomical studies". Neuropsychologia. 118 (Pt B): 22–33. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.033. PMID 28966139. S2CID 13411386.
  7. ^ "Aloofness - Definition and More than from the Complimentary Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  8. ^ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ἀπάθ-εια". Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014.
  9. ^ Fleming W (2006) [1857]. The vocabulary of philosophy, mental, moral, and metaphysical. Kessinger Publishing. p. 34. ISBN978-i-4286-3324-7. and in hardcover (2007; ISBN 978-0-548-12371-3).
  10. ^ "Greek Lexicon :: G543 (KJV)". V3.blueletterbible.org. Archived from the original on two Oct 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  11. ^ Webb, Thomas E F (July 2006). "'Dottyville'—Craiglockhart War Hospital and trounce-shock treatment in the First World War". Journal of the Royal Guild of Medicine. 99 (seven): 342–346. doi:ten.1258/jrsm.99.7.342. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC1484566. PMID 16816263.
  12. ^ Keller H (1994) [1927]. "Chapter 6". Light in My Darkness. West Chester, Pa.: Chrysalis Books. ISBN978-0-87785-146-ii. But if nosotros listen to the best men and women everywhere ... they will say that science may have establish a cure for almost evils; but it has plant no remedy for the worst of them all—the apathy of human beings.
  13. ^ a b c Bishop JH (January 1989). "Perspective: Why the Apathy in American High Schools?". Educational Researcher. 18 (1): vi–42. doi:10.3102/0013189X018001006. ISSN 0013-189X. S2CID 145803015.
  14. ^ Sanders J, Ticktin R. "Finding the Root Crusade of Pupil Apathy". Pan.intrasun.tcnj.edu. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved 25 Feb 2014. Apathy in Loftier School Students: An Examination Into Causes and A Suggested Plan for Change
  15. ^ Korpershoek, Hanke; Kuyper, Hans; van der Werf, Greetje (1 March 2015). "Differences in students' school motivation: A latent class modelling approach". Social Psychology of Education. 18 (1): 137–163. doi:10.1007/s11218-014-9274-six. ISSN 1573-1928. S2CID 145228051.
  16. ^ a b Latané B, Darley JM (1969). "Bystanders "apathy"". American Scientist. 57 (2): 244–68. PMID 5797312. Archived from the original on four November 2013.
  17. ^ "Apathy Evaluation Scale (Self rated)" (PDF). Dementia-cess.com.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 Jan 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  18. ^ Ang YS, Lockwood P, Apps MA, Muhammed K, Husain 1000 (2017). "Singled-out Subtypes of Apathy Revealed by the Apathy Motivation Index". PLOS ONE. 12 (1): e0169938. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1269938A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169938. PMC5226790. PMID 28076387.
  19. ^ Ang YS, Lockwood PL, Kienast A, Establish O, Drew D, Slavkova E, et al. (Oct 2018). "Differential impact of behavioral, social, and emotional aloofness on Parkinson'southward disease". Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. five (10): 1286–1291. doi:x.1002/acn3.626. PMC6186939. PMID 30349863.
  20. ^ Radakovic R, Abrahams S (November 2014). "Developing a new aloofness measurement scale: Dimensional Apathy Calibration" (PDF). Psychiatry Research. 219 (3): 658–63. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.010. PMID 24972546. S2CID 16313833.
  21. ^ Radakovic R, Stephenson L, Colville S, Swingler R, Chandran S, Abrahams S (June 2016). "Multidimensional apathy in ALS: validation of the Dimensional Apathy Calibration" (PDF). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 87 (6): 663–nine. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2015-310772. PMID 26203157. S2CID 15540782.
  22. ^ Radakovic R, Stephenson Fifty, Colville S, Swingler R, Chandran S, Abrahams Southward (June 2016). "Multidimensional apathy in ALS: validation of the Dimensional Apathy Scale" (PDF). Periodical of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 87 (vi): 663–nine. doi:x.1080/13854046.2019.1621382. PMID 26203157. S2CID 173994534.
  23. ^ Radakovic R, Abrahams Due south (2018). "Multidimensional apathy: evidence from neurodegenerative disease" (PDF). Current Stance in Behavioral Sciences. 22: 42–49. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.022. S2CID 53173573.
  24. ^ a b c McManamy J. "Apathy Matters - Apathy and Low: Psychiatry may not care almost apathy, but that doesn't hateful yous shouldn't". Archived from the original on xx Baronial 2014. ".
  25. ^ van Reekum R, Stuss DT, Ostrander 50 (February 2005). "Apathy: why intendance?". The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 17 (1): 7–19. doi:10.1176/jnp.17.1.7. PMID 15746478.
  26. ^ Andersson Southward, Krogstad JM, Finset A (March 1999). "Apathy and depressed mood in acquired brain impairment: human relationship to lesion localization and psychophysiological reactivity". Psychological Medicine. 29 (2): 447–56. doi:10.1017/s0033291798008046. PMID 10218936.
  27. ^ Le Heron C, Apps MA, Husain Yard (September 2018). "The beefcake of apathy: A neurocognitive framework for amotivated behaviour". Neuropsychologia. 118 (Pt B): 54–67. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.003. PMC6200857. PMID 28689673.
  28. ^ Malloy PF (2 Nov 2005). "Apathy and Its Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias". Psychiatric Times.
  29. ^ Herrmann N, Rothenburg LS, Black SE, Ryan Grand, Liu BA, Busto UE, Lanctôt KL (June 2008). "Methylphenidate for the treatment of apathy in Alzheimer illness: prediction of response using dextroamphetamine challenge". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 28 (iii): 296–301. doi:x.1097/JCP.0b013e318172b479. PMID 18480686. S2CID 30971352.
  30. ^ Rosenberg Atomic number 82, Lanctôt KL, Drye LT, Herrmann N, Scherer RW, Bachman DL, Mintzer JE (August 2013). "Safety and efficacy of methylphenidate for apathy in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 74 (eight): 810–6. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m08099. PMC3902018. PMID 24021498.
  31. ^ Lanctôt KL, Chau SA, Herrmann N, Drye LT, Rosenberg PB, Scherer RW, et al. (February 2014). "Effect of methylphenidate on attention in apathetic Advertisement patients in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial". International Psychogeriatrics. 26 (2): 239–46. doi:10.1017/S1041610213001762. PMC3927455. PMID 24169147.
  32. ^ Clinical trial number NCT02346201 for "Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET2)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
  33. ^ Abraham Thousand (10 October 2020). "Aloofness: Anxiety's Unusual Symptom". Calm Dispensary. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  34. ^ Baldini A, Von Korff Thousand, Lin EH (14 June 2012). "A Review of Potential Adverse Effects of Long-Term Opioid Therapy: A Practitioner'south Guide". The Chief Intendance Companion for CNS Disorders. 14 (3). doi:10.4088/PCC.11m01326. PMC3466038. PMID 23106029.

References [edit]

  • Public Domain This commodity incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.

External links [edit]

  • The Roots of Apathy – Essay By David O. Solmitz
  • Apathy – McMan's Depression and Bipolar Spider web, by John McManamy

ryansagang.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apathy

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